Activity Three: Common Molecules, Structures and Names

Ball and Stick Molecular Models

            (with painted grapes)

Wood Alcohol - Methanol

CH₃OH

Methane

CH₄

Grain Alcohol - Ethanol

C₂H₅OH

Common Household Chemicals We Use or Eat:

      (IUPAC name - common name - molecule formula)

1. Ethylene Glycol - Antifreeze - C2H4(OH)2

2. Sodium Hydroxide - Drain Cleaner - NaOH

 

3.Aluminum Chlorohydrate - Deodorants -  Al₂Cl(OH)₅

4. Acetylsalicylic Acid - Aspirin - C₉H₈O₄

5. Sodium Chloride -Table Salt  - NaCl

 

6. Sucrose - Table Sugar - C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁

 

7. Acetic acid -Vinegar  - HC2H3O2

 

8. Calcium Carbonate - Tums - CaCO₃

9. Sodium Carbonate Decahydrate - Water Softner - NaCO₃⋅10H₂O

10. Polymer of Tetrafluoroethylene - Teflon - (C₂F₄)_n

Used to make non-stick surfaces

11. Calcium Carbonate - Chalk - CaCO₃

 

12.  Sulphuric Acid - Battery Acid - H₂SO₄

 

13. Sodium Bicarbonate -Baking Powder  - NaHCO₃

 

14. Ethanol - Alcohol - C₂H₆O

15. Graphite (Carbon) - Black Lead - C

16. Ethyl Alcohol - Mouthwash - CH3CH2OH

17. Boric Acid - Antiseptics/Insecticides/Flame retardant Properties - H₃BO₃

 

18. Silicon Dioxide - Quartz - SiO₂

 

19. Toluene- Paint Thinner - C₇H₈ or C₆H₅CH₃

20. Sodium Hypochlorite - Bleach - NaOCl

3. Look over your molecules and the bonding characteristics, how many bonds does each of the following elements typically have? (Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen)

Carbon typically has four bonds, while Hydrogen typically has one bonds, and oxygen usually has two bonds.

4. What does IUPAC stand for?

IUPAC stands for The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

5. As you explore ingredients, notice how everything around us is made up of chemicals consisting of atoms bound together into molecules.  But what about companies that claim their products are chemical free! How can this be? 

Even though a company claims to have a "chemical free" product, their product is still going to have chemicals in them because everything is a chemical at the molecular level. When a company claims to have a "chemical free" product, they are basically using it as a market ploy to get more people to use their product. Instead their product is most likely just made from more natural chemicals instead of chemicals formed in labs, making them safer for the environment.

In This Chemical: 

http://www.naturalhealthcareproducts.com/Cleaning-Products.php

Green Aussie is not a chemical free product, but instead a more environmentally friendly cleaning product. It's a water based cleaner with scents from plants such as spearmint. Water is a chemical within it self, formed by oxygen and hydrogen, while the spearmint plant contains chemicals like menthol (about 50%), menthone (between 10% and 30%), and mentyl esters (up to 10%).